STRUCTURAL / HONG KONG STEEL

Hong Kong bolt design

Review workbook bolt shear, bearing, tension and interaction comparisons with explicit action allocation and anchorage exclusions.

Design basis must be confirmed

Hong Kong Code of Practice for the Structural Use of Steel 2011; workbook consolidated amendment edition not specified These tools do not establish complete design approval.

Bolt input guide

Enter the complete factored joint shear/tension, the bolts sharing each action, thread diameter/grade, connected-ply thickness, hole type and load-direction end distance. Check each connected ply and the actual critical bolt. The optional Vz/Vy resultant is shown as a separate helper, not silently substituted for the total design shear.

The displayed utilisation is a demand/resistance comparison for the named model, not a percentage of overall connection safety. A zero-demand result does not prove that the physical joint is adequate. Independently check the joint load path and the omitted connection modes before use.

Worked workbook example

Four M10 ISO4.6 bolts share 142.45 kN shear. Source tensile-stress area = 58 mm², shear strength = 160 MPa and per-bolt shear = 35.6125 kN. Capacity = 9.28 kN: 383.8% shear utilisation. For a 6 mm S275 ply and 30 mm end distance, bearing capacity = 27.6 kN: 129.0%. This example exceeds the displayed capacities.

Calculation interpretation

Separate shear, bolt bearing, connected-part bearing and nominal tension checks remain governing even when the linear interaction is below its 1.4 limit. Tensile stress area is looked up, not calculated as πd²/4.

Assumptions and limitations

No eccentric bolt-group solution, pitch/edge compliance, block shear, net-section rupture, slip resistance, prying or complete anchorage. Double-shear distribution is not verified. Optional source bond length cannot establish anchor safety.

Engineering disclaimer

These tools assist engineering calculations and do not replace professional engineering judgement or independent verification. Confirm inputs, units, assumptions, applicable standards and every governing project check with a suitably qualified engineer before safety-critical use. Software and reference workbooks may contain errors or omissions. A disclaimer does not guarantee immunity from legal liability. Read the Terms / Engineering Disclaimer.

calculation provenance

Sources and verification boundaries

Calculation source and edition

This tool follows the user-provided steel all-in-one workbook. Exact sheet/cell provenance is shown beside each calculation. The Bolt sheet declares the 2011 Hong Kong steel code but does not identify a consolidated amendment edition. Workbook defaults are retained as examples, not a project specification.

Buildings Department official steel-code editions and references. The official page publishes the 2023 Edition; applicability of subsequent amendments and project provisions must be independently checked. No unsupported clause or equation number is assigned to a workbook formula.