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Geometry before capacity.
Section properties describe how a shape carries axial force and bending in an idealised geometric sense. They are the inputs that later feed stress, resistance, and deflection checks.
Governing equations
For width b and depth h: A = bh, I = bh³/12, Z = bh²/6, and r = √(I/A).
Use gross properties carefully.
- Openings, holes, reinforcement, cracking, composite action, and effective widths are not included.
- Check the axis: the strong-axis and weak-axis values are different.
- Keep the same unit system when passing properties into a beam or column calculation.